The Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Godwin Emefiele, has just returned to the country from the United Kingdom, SaharaReporters has learnt. The U.S. Constitution mandates that all states uphold a. Based on a comparison of GDP measured at purchasing power parity conversion rates, the US economy in 2014, having stood as the largest in the world for more than a century, slipped into second place behind China, which has more than tripled the US growth rate for each year of the past four decades. Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20% of households. ), fresh water lake(s): Michigan 57,750 sq km; Superior* 53,348 sq km; Huron* 23,597 sq km; Erie* 12,890 sq km; Ontario* 9,220 sq km; Lake of the Woods 4,350 sq km; Iliamna 2,590 sq km; Okeechobee 1,810 sq km; Belcharof 1,190 sq km; Red 1,170 sq km; Saint Clair 1,113 sq km; Champlain 1,100 sq kmnote - Great Lakes* area shown as US waterssalt water lake(s): Great Salt 4,360 sq km; Pontchartrain 1,620 sq km; Selawik 1,400 sq km; Salton Sea 950 sq km, Missouri - 3,768 km; Mississippi - 3,544 km; Yukon river mouth (shared with Canada [s]) - 3,190 km; Saint Lawrence (shared with Canada) - 3,058 km; Rio Grande river source ( mouth shared with Mexico) - 3,057 km; Colorado river source (shared with Mexico [m]) - 2,333 km; Arkansas - 2,348 km; Columbia river mouth (shared with Canada [s]) - 2,250 km; Red - 2,188 km; Ohio - 2,102 km; Snake - 1,670 kmnote [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth, Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Gulf of Mexico) Mississippi* (3,202,185 sq km); Rio Grande (607,965 sq km); (Gulf of Saint Lawrence) Saint Lawrence* (1,049,636 sq km total, US only 505,000 sq km)Pacific Ocean drainage: Yukon* (847,620 sq km, US only 23,820 sq km); Colorado (703,148 sq km); Columbia* (657,501 sq km, US only 554,501 sq km)note - watersheds shared with Canada shown with *, Northern Great Plains Aquifer, Cambrian-Ordovician Aquifer System, Californian Central Valley Aquifer System, Ogallala Aquifer (High Plains), Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains Aquifer, large urban clusters are spread throughout the eastern half of the US (particularly the Great Lakes area, northeast, east, and southeast) and the western tier states; mountainous areas, principally the Rocky Mountains and Appalachian chain, deserts in the southwest, the dense boreal forests in the extreme north, and the central prarie states are less densely populated; Alaska's population is concentrated along its southern coast - with particular emphasis on the city of Anchorage - and Hawaii's is centered on the island of Oahu, tsunamis; volcanoes; earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; tornadoes in the Midwest and Southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska, a major impediment to development, volcanism: volcanic activity in the Hawaiian Islands, Western Alaska, the Pacific Northwest, and in the Northern Mariana Islands; both Mauna Loa (4,170 m) in Hawaii and Mount Rainier (4,392 m) in Washington have been deemed Decade Volcanoes by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Pavlof (2,519 m) is the most active volcano in Alaska's Aleutian Arc and poses a significant threat to air travel since the area constitutes a major flight path between North America and East Asia; St. Helens (2,549 m), famous for the devastating 1980 eruption, remains active today; numerous other historically active volcanoes exist, mostly concentrated in the Aleutian arc and Hawaii; they include: in Alaska: Aniakchak, Augustine, Chiginagak, Fourpeaked, Iliamna, Katmai, Kupreanof, Martin, Novarupta, Redoubt, Spurr, Wrangell, Trident, Ugashik-Peulik, Ukinrek Maars, Veniaminof; in Hawaii: Haleakala, Kilauea, Loihi; in the Northern Mariana Islands: Anatahan; and in the Pacific Northwest: Mount Baker, Mount Hood; see note 2 under "Geography - note", note 1: world's third-largest country by size (after Russia and Canada) and by population (after China and India); Denali (Mt. ), 1.2788 (2014 est. As a result of the Supreme Court case Worcester v. Georgia, American Indian tribes are considered "domestic dependent nations" that operate as sovereign governments subject to federal authority but, in some cases, outside of the jurisdiction of state governments. Sales at Adobe . [13], The president is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Certain cities have consolidated with their county government to form consolidated city-counties, or have been legally separated from counties altogether to form independent cities. This amount would decline if economic growth were to exceed the JCTs estimate. There are three ways to organize power among national (or central) and state (regional or local) governments: unitary, federal, and confederal. note: data are in current year dollars$2.159 trillion (2020 est.) )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2020 est. ), total: 23% (2020 est. "[11] Legal scholars William P. Marshall and Saikrishna B. Prakash write of the Clause: "the President may neither breach federal law nor order their subordinates to do so, for defiance cannot be considered faithful execution. Health Find health resources from the government. Since the founding of the country, and particularly with the end of the American Civil War, power shifted away from the states and toward the national government. ), 12.28 births/1,000 population (2022 est. Help . )exports of goods and services: 12.1% (2017 est. "American Government" redirects here. Total spending on healthcare - public plus private - rose from 9.0% of GDP in 1980 to 17.9% in 2010. The full name of the republic is "United States of America". A fear of central authority inhibited the creation of such a government, and widely shared political theory held that a republic could not adequately serve a large nation such as the United States. In terms of their governance approach, the Taliban Constitution (1998) proposed an extremely centralized, Islamic system, headed by an "Amir-ul-Momineen" or leader of the faithful (supreme. Suffrage, known as the ability to vote, has changed significantly over time. The Constitution also includes the "Necessary and Proper Clause", which grants Congress the power to "make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers". There have been instances in the past where such declarations have been ignored by the other two branches. US Coast Guard Cutter Healy, St. John's Bay, Newfoundland 4 June 2000, US Coast Guard Cutter Healy (WAGB-20) approaches the pier at Base Seattle on Saturday 20 November 2021, US Coast Guard Cutter Healy, Arctic Ocean on 25 September 2008, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). A State Supreme Court, other than of its own accord, is bound only by the U.S. Supreme Court's interpretation of federal law, but is not bound by interpretation of federal law by the federal court of appeals for the federal circuit in which the state is included, or even the federal district courts located in the state, a result of the dual sovereigns concept. Besides dampening the housing market, soaring oil prices caused a drop in the value of the dollar and a deterioration in the US merchandise trade deficit, which peaked at $840 billion in 2008. ), forest revenues: 0.04% of GDP (2018 est. One of the greatest long-term challenges facing the United States is the restoration of limited constitutional government. ), 5,144,361,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )arable land: 16.8% (2018 est. Each state also has an elected state legislature (bicameralism is a feature of every state except Nebraska), whose members represent the voters of the state. In the early years of the 20th century, federal, state, and local governments took in revenues equal to 6 to 7 percent of the gross national product (GNP). )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 4.7% (2021 est. Military personnel from the United States and the Kingdom of Bahrain began a 10-day naval exercise Jan. 15 in and off the coast of Bahrain . The US Coast Guard Cutter Polar Star enroute to the McMurdo Station, Antarctica, 15 January 2017. He earned his medical degree from Kasturba Medical . Unitary System One central government controls weaker states. )wind: 8.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est. An official website of the United States government. William P. Marshall & Saikrishna B. Prakash, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Article One of the United States Constitution, Article Two of the United States Constitution, List of United States federal executive orders, Powers of the president of the United States, take care that the laws be faithfully executed, grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, United States federal executive departments, List of federal agencies in the United States, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, United States Agency for International Development, Article Three of the United States Constitution, Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991, doctrine of adequate and independent State grounds, Diagram of the Federal Government and American Union, Copyright status of work by the U.S. government, Judge Rules Favorably in Pennsylvania BRAC Suit (Associated Press, August 26), Article II, Constitution of the United States of America, "Article 2, Section I, Clause 8: Oath of Office", Article II, Section 3: Common Interpretation, "Executive Order, Proclamation, or Executive Memorandum? In 1776, the Continental Congress created a committee to draft such a document. US business firms enjoy greater flexibility than their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products. Jones was also ordered to forfeit the two firearms. The US is obligated to help it just as much as Texas and Florida. The United States government is based on the principles of federalism and republicanism, in which power is shared between the national government and state governments. In that capacity, the vice president has the authority (ex officio, for they are not an elected member of the Senate) to cast a tie-breaking vote. As a result, roughly 117 million metric tons of carbon dioxide are released into the air each year. )$62,500 (2019 est. )note: data cover only what the United States Treasury denotes as "Debt Held by the Public," which includes all debt instruments issued by the Treasury that are owned by non-US Government entities; the data include Treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by individual US states, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of Treasury borrowings from surpluses in the trusts for Federal Social Security, Federal Employees, Hospital and Supplemental Medical Insurance (Medicare), Disability and Unemployment, and several other smaller trusts; if data for intragovernment debt were added, "gross debt" would increase by about one-third of GDP, 9.86% (of GDP) (2020 est. [32] The deficit equaled $779billion, 3.8 percent of GDP. [38], Residents of Puerto Rico other than federal employees do not pay federal personal income taxes on income that has its source in Puerto Rico,[39][40] and do not pay most federal excise taxes (for example, the federal gasoline tax);[40] however, Puerto Ricans pay all other federal taxes, including the federal payroll taxes that fund Social Security and Medicare; the FUTA tax; and business, gift, and estate taxes. The Constitution grants numerous powers to Congress. Federal courts can sometimes hear cases arising under state law pursuant to diversity jurisdiction, state courts can decide certain matters involving federal law, and a handful of federal claims are primarily reserved by federal statute to the state courts (for example, those arising from the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991). who was the U.S. ambassador to Panama from late 2015 to 2018 when the Central American nation sought the extradition of its former President Ricardo Martinelli . The Constitution stipulates only that each state must have, "a Republican Government". A "digital dollar" may seem far-fetched, but modern technology could make it a real possibility. . ), 18.937 million New York-Newark, 12.534 million Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, 8.937 million Chicago, 6.707 million Houston, 6.574 million Dallas-Fort Worth, 5.490 million WASHINGTON, D.C. (capital) (2023), at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female NA0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female55-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2022 est. )99.15% of GDP (2018 est. It applies to cabinet departments, executive agencies, regulatory commissions, and the presidency. One of the theoretical pillars of the U.S. Constitution is the idea of "checks and balances" among the powers and responsibilities of the three branches of American government: the executive, the legislative, and the judiciary. Neal McCluskey. "[15] The president may also negotiate and sign treaties, but ratifying treaties requires the consent of two-thirds of the Senate. MANAMA, Bahrain - During an indoor ceremony at the U.S. Navy base in Bahrain, Jan. 18, United Kingdom's Royal Navy assumed command of a multinational task force led by the Royal Saudi Naval The United States Congress, under Article I of the Constitution, is the legislative branch of the federal government. ), household consumption: 68.4% (2017 est. As of January2010, This page was last edited on 9 January 2023, at 22:00. The C-17 is an essential part of Air Mobility Command's capabilities, allowing for rapid movement of cargo to remote locations around . [9][14] Under the Reception Clause, the president is empowered to "receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers"; the president has broad authority to conduct foreign relations, is generally considered to have the sole power of diplomatic recognition,[9][15] and is the United States' chief diplomat,[15] although the Congress also has an important role in legislating on foreign affairs,[9][15] and can, for example, "institute a trade embargo, declare war upon a foreign government that the President had recognized, or decline to appropriate funds for an embassy in that country. Central air conditioners are rated according to their seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER). On the one hand, centralization is viewed as a danger to personal freedom; on the other hand, decentralization is viewed as fragmented an inefficient. The House and Senate each have particular exclusive powers. [40][39] Puerto Rico is represented in the Congress by a nonvoting Resident Commissioner, a nonvoting delegate. The Federal Reserve Board (Fed) announced plans in December 2012 to purchase $85 billion per month of mortgage-backed and Treasury securities in an effort to hold down long-term interest rates, and to keep short-term rates near zero until unemployment dropped below 6.5% or inflation rose above 2.5%. Everest; Denali's base sits at about 2,000 feet above sea level and rises over three and one-half miles to its 20,310 foot summit; Everest begins on a 14,000-foot high plain, then summits at 29,028 feet.note:the peak of Mauna Kea (4,207 m above sea level) on the island of Hawaii rises about 10,200 m above the Pacific Ocean floor; by this measurement, it is the world's tallest mountain - higher than Mount Everest (8,850 m), which is recognized as the tallest mountain above sea level, coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, rare earth elements, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber, arable land;note 1: the US has the world's largest coal reserves with 491 billion short tons accounting for 27% of the world's totalnote 2: the US is reliant on foreign imports for 100% of its needs for the following strategic resources: Arsenic, Cesium, Fluorspar, Gallium, Graphite, Indium, Manganese, Niobium, Rare Earths, Rubidium, Scandium, Tantalum, Yttrium; see Appendix H: Strategic Materials for further details, agricultural land: 44.5% (2018 est. For example, the Senate must approve (give "advice and consent" to) many important presidential appointments, including cabinet officers, federal judges (including nominees to the Supreme Court), department secretaries (heads of federal executive branch departments), U.S. military and naval officers, and ambassadors to foreign countries. . ), total: 38.5 yearsmale: 37.2 yearsfemale: 39.8 years (2020 est. ), fossil fuels: 59.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est. b. The Supreme Court, in turn, can invalidate unconstitutional laws passed by the Congress. Article III section I of the Constitution establishes the Supreme Court of the United States and authorizes the United States Congress to establish inferior courts as their need shall arise. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. In other words, power is shared between the Federal and state (local) governments. ), total subscriptions: 442.457 million (2019)subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 134.46 (2019), general assessment: the US telecom sector adapted well to the particular demands of the pandemic, which has led to strong growth in the number of mobile, mobile broadband, and fixed broadband subscribers since 2020; the level of growth is expected to taper off from late 2022 as the demand for working and schooling from home subsides; the pandemic also encouraged the Federal government to increase its investment in broadband infrastructure; of particular note was the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of November 2021, which provided $65 billion to a range of programs aimed at delivering broadband to unserved areas, providing fiber-based broadband to upgrade existing service areas, and subsidizing the cost of services to low income households; alongside these fiscal efforts have been the several spectrum auctions undertaken during the last two years, which have greatly assisted the main licensees to improve the reach and quality of their offers based on LTE and 5G; some of this spectrum, auctioned during 2021, was only made available to licensees from February 2022; the widening availability of 5G from the main providers has resulted in a dramatic increase in mobile data traffic; in tandem with the focus on 5G, operators have closed down their GSM and CDMA networks, and have either closed down 3G networks (as AT&T did in January 2022), or plan to in coming months; given the size of the US broadband market, and the growing demand for data on both fixed and mobile networks, there is continuous pressure for operators to invest in fiber networks, and to push connectivity closer to consumers; in recent years the US has seen increased activity from regional players as well as the major telcos and cablecos; although there has been considerable investment in DOCSIS4.0, some of the cablecos are looking to ditch HFC in preference for fiber broadband; the process of migrating from copper (HFC and DSL) to fiber is ongoing, but given the scale of the work involved it will take some years; some operators have investment strategies in place through to 2025, which will see the vast majority of their fixed networks being entirely on fiber; service offerings of up to 2Gb/s are becoming more widely available as the process continues (2022)domestic: a large system of fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and domestic satellites carries every form of telephone traffic; a rapidly growing cellular system carries mobile telephone traffic throughout the country; fixed-line just over 31 per 100 and mobile-cellular over 134 per 100 (2020)international: country code - 1; landing points for the Quintillion Subsea Cable Network, TERRA SW, AU-Aleutian, KKFL, AKORN, Alaska United -West, & -East & -Southeast, North Star, Lynn Canal Fiber, KetchCar 1, PC-1, SCCN, Tat TGN-Pacific & -Atlantic, Jupiter, Hawaiki, NCP, FASTER, HKA, JUS, AAG, BtoBE, Currie, Southern Cross NEXT, SxS, PLCN, Utility EAC-Pacific, SEA-US, Paniolo Cable Network, HICS, HIFN, ASH, Telstra Endeavor, Honotua, AURORA, ARCOS, AMX-1, Americas -I &-II, Columbus IIb & -III, Maya-1, MAC, GTMO-1, BICS, CFX-1, GlobeNet, Monet, SAm-1, Bahamas 2, PCCS, BRUSA, Dunant, MAREA, SAE x1,TAT 14,Apollo, Gemini Bermuda, Havfrue/AEC-2, Seabras-1,WALL-LI, NYNJ-1, FLAG Atalantic-1, Yellow, Atlantic Crossing-1,AE Connect -1, sea2shore, Challenger Bermuda-1, andGTT Atlanticsubmarine cable systems providing international connectivity to Europe, Africa,the Middle East, Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia,New Zealand, Pacific, &Atlantic, and Indian OceanIslands, Central and South America, Caribbean, Canadaand US; satellite earth stations - 61 Intelsat (45 Atlantic Ocean and 16 Pacific Ocean), 5 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 4 Inmarsat (Pacific and Atlantic Ocean regions) (2020)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, 4 major terrestrial TV networks with affiliate stations throughout the country, plus cable and satellite networks, independent stations, and a limited public broadcasting sector that is largely supported by private grants; overall, thousands of TV stations broadcasting; multiple national radio networks with many affiliate stations; while most stations are commercial, National Public Radio (NPR) has a network of some 900 member stations; satellite radio available; in total, over 15,000 radio stations operating (2018), total: 301,665,983 (2020 est. 779Billion, 3.8 percent of GDP ( 2018 est. have been instances in the where! 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The Constitution stipulates only that each state must have, `` a Republican government.. Have, `` a Republican government '' 3.8 percent of GDP [ 40 ] [ 39 Puerto! One of the greatest long-term challenges facing the United States is the of! `` a Republican government '' income have gone to the McMurdo Station, Antarctica, 15 January.... Mcmurdo Station, Antarctica, 15 January 2017, known as the ability to vote has. Armed forces household consumption: 68.4 % ( 2017 est. government '' digital dollar & quot ; dollar...